\begin{enumerate}
	% Question 2a
	\item This can be achieved by adding disfluency rules to the \textsc{CFG}.
		This has to be done for all rules that can possible produce
		disfluencies. Most likely only the lowest level of rules (unit
		productions) need such disfluency structures. For example, if we would
		do it for the rule that transforms a \texttt{Noun} into a word it would
		look like this:

		\begin{lstlisting}
Noun -> TrueNoun | EditNoun TrueNoun
TrueNoun -> flight | ...

EditNoun -> TrueNoun EditWord
EditWord -> uh | ...
		\end{lstlisting}

		With feature structures this can be generalized and have less
		ambiguitiy. Features can for example force the \emph{Reparandum} to be
		of the same \texttt{CAT} as the \emph{Repair} and disfluencies might
		have some constraints that can also be expressed with features.

	% Question 2b
	\item Standard \textsc{CKY} parsing only works for grammars in
		\emph{Chomsky Normal Form} (\textsc{CNF}). This means that the tree
		returned will not exactly represent the \textsc{CFG} since it possibly
		had to be converted to \textsc{CNF}. To adapt \textsc{CKY} in a
		fundamental way so that it correctly parses repair structures would be
		very difficult, albeit impossible. It basically means that, in the
		deepest loop, you have to build in functionality that is similar to the
		grammar that recognizes such structures and behave accordingly. While
		this is probably theoretically possible, it will result in a different
		algorithm that has a hard-coded sub-grammar in itself.

	% Question 2c
	\item Similar to the previous sub-question; while it is possible to make the
		\emph{Predictor} more smart and add disfluency structures to the chart
		it would change the \emph{Earley} algorithm significantly. The change
		of the algorithm would also be very specific to certain disfluency
		structures and makes it possibly unusable for languages that do not
		have such structures. Note that it is more easy to add this to an
		\emph{Earley} parser compared to adding it to an \emph{CKY} parser. For
		an \emph{Earley} parser it just means hard-coding some extra grammar
		rules in the \emph{Predictor}. For \emph{CKY} it means transforming
		the rules to specific transformations in the table which might not be
		trivial.
\end{enumerate}
