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\begin{document}
\maketitleru[authorstext={Author:},
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\section*{Introduction}
Ever since the dawn of human beings we have been prone to addictions and we
must actively inhibit certain urges.  Genetically the body has been evolved to
indulge itself into seemingly scarcely available activities. It seems that this
behaviour is wired into every animal thus also including humans. In the 1954
Olds and Milner took a different turn on the classic Skinner experiments in
which a \emph{Skinner Box} is used to train animals on exerting certain
behaviour. Olds and Milner made a system in which rats could press a button to
stimulate parts of the brain that make you feel
pleasure\cite{olds1954positive}. The results were horrific, the rats pressed
the button over $6000$ times per hour. In later experiments it was found that
rats would starve themselves, ignore female species and even endure pain via
electrical shocks just to give them the pleasure of pressing the button to get
the brain stimulation. Moreover, years later, very controversial experiments
have taken place resembling the Olds and Milner experiments with a human
individual with strikingly similar results\cite{Moan1972septal}.

Luckily for us and other animals this kind of hyper stimulation is not readily
available at the press of a button. If this would be the case it would have
detrimental effects on society since it would lead to a neglectance of primary
needs.  However, over the course of the digital revolution, a new type of
overstimulating has appeared in the human society.  Sexual stimuli that where
scarce earlier are now abundant. People can lavishly stimulate themselves by
the press of a simple button. These stimuli arise from the connectivity that
came with the internet and became to get known as internet pornography. Never
have there been times where consuming visual sexual stimuli was possible in
such high quantities and with such variance in the material.

Numerous researchers and research groups have devoted their research onto the
physical consequences of such hyper stimulation. However, studies are showing
mixed results on these matters. Most of these studies try to find correlations
between the physical well being and pornography consumption. The results are
mixed however. There are studies that show a correlation between for example
erectile dysfunction and pornographic material
consumption\cite{klein2015erectile} while other show only insignificant
results\cite{landripet2015pornography}. A recent survey from Park et
al.\cite{park2016internet} shows excessive pornography consumption does not so
much cause a physical change in the brain. Evermore so it leads to negative
psychological changes. Excessive consumption of pornography even has been found
to be negatively correlating with direct well being\cite{grubbs2015perceived}.

Several years ago a popular science article was written on the subject that had
the catchy title: ``Your brain on porn''\cite{wilson2014your}. The article gave
the layman a view on the physical and psychological changes that pornography
consumption gives. This article, together with other voices, gave the rise to
very active online communities that try to inhibit their own behaviour
regarding the consumption of pornography. From within these
communities\footnote{e.g.~\url{reddit.com/r/nofap}} a lot of extra anekdotal
evidence arose that not consuming is very good for the general sexual health
being.  These changes show that we should reformulate the question. It is not
so much a question on what porn does to your \emph{brain} but even more so the
question of what pornography does to \emph{society}.

\newpage
\section*{Research question}
This leads to the following main research question.
\begin{center}
	\emph{How does the increase in consumption and ease of use of pornography
	via the internet change the society?}
\end{center}

To tackle this question we approach it from three perspectives. First we will
shine a light on the possible change in attitude on sexuality with adults. Are
there shifts in normativity and is society adapting to the new situation by
changing moralities?

After describing the change in attitude there we will elaborated upon the
actual acts of sexuality. Do, specifically adults, change their sexual
behaviours in real life because of the increase and easy of use of internet
pornography.

Lastly we show what influences the aforementioned changes have on
the youth and on education. Does society teach different moralities and
behaviours than before? Is pornography considered differently than before.

Concluding this we will wrap up and provide an overview in the form of a
description of general changes in society.

\section*{Attitude}
%First question
To answer the first question we should go back in time a little bit because
pornography is of all ages. Starting in the sixties, people started to document
``histories'' of pornography. However, in those times there were hardly any
methodological methods of describing such social histories and therefore it is
mainly an enumeration of techniques\cite{hoff1989there}. This is in a contrast
with the reality in which there is a rich history with changes in behaviour,
social constructs and society. Even before the modern era pornography was a
thing. Ancient paintings of sexual activities have been found and it has been
documented that some sort of pornography existed in the forms such as voyeurism
in for example the Roman Empire.

In the current age with the internet the field has changed enormously. Where
people had to buy pornographic magazines in shabby stores earlier they now have
every fetish they imagined, and more, at their fingertips. A human browsing the
web can see more naked people in one evening than a human say 100, 1000 or even
10.000 years ago in their entire lifetime.

In the internet era aberrant sexual behaviour is considered more normal because
of the use of pornography. While before the internet you really had to seek out
companions or peers that also practised the abberative behaviour, currently you
can seek contact with everyone in the world and the normativity on the subject
changes. Suddenly there are numerous amounts of people that have the same
interest. As a consequence, this leads to the rise of these activities such as
BSDM fantasies (e.g. \emph{she-males}) that were never so prevalent in
society\cite{escoffier2011imagining}. These trends show a change in sexuality.
Gender becomes less important and more fluid and aberrant sexual fantasies
become regular. Whether this stays to be a fantasy or becomes reality will be
explored in the next section.

\section*{Act}
The second aspect of the change in society will be the influence of the
availability of internet pornography on real relations and sexual contact
between adults. We specifically not focus on youth here because that is an
entirely different matter and will be treated in the next subsection.

A little over a decade ago Stack, Wasserman and Kern studied the influence of
pornography to adult social bonds\cite{stack_adult_2004}. It showed that
pornography deviant, albeit sexual, behaviours where indicators of internet
pornography use. Moreover, numerous studies have found a negative relation in
the use of pornography and relationship quality\cite{muusses_internet_2015}. In
the study by Musses et al.\ it was found that short-term effects are prevalent
from other studies. On the contrary, in their longitudinal study there were no
long-term effects significant. Moreover, these short-term effects were
summarized by Harkness et al.\ and show an association between pornography and
sexual risk behaviours\cite{harkness2015association}. This means that internet
pornography is also changing the real life behaviour outside of the fantasies.

\section*{Education}
Finally, to see the effect on society we specifically take a look at the
younger members of our race. Does sexuality for youth and adolescents change
because of the prevalence of internet pornography.

A study from Kvalem et al.\ revealed that the view on sexuality is changing
on young men due to pornography consumption\cite{kvalem2015self}. Oddly enough
there was no significant effect on women. This can be explained by the fact
that the consumption percentages were a lot lower. More $80\%$ of the male
reported weekly use in contrast to less than $20\%$ of the women. Presumably it
is a lot less accepted to consume pornography for women because their view on
it is also different.

Another study by Nelson et al.\ showed that almost half of the women and
roughly two thirds of the men view pornography consumption as
acceptable\cite{carroll2008generation}. The percentage of students that used
pornography was about the same as in the Kvalem et al.\ study. This shows that
there is while the use has risen over the years the acceptance is lagging
behind a little bit.

A similar study also shows that the average age of exposure is lowering. Sabina
et al.\ showed about the same numbers as the previous study regarding exposer
below 18 years of age.

\section*{Conclusion}
If we combine the different perspeanswers we can conclude that there is a shift
going on in society's view on pornography and society itself.  While in the
early days pornography was for the select few and was frowned upon it is now
abundant in volume and frequency. This results in to a change of the
consumption. People start to use pornography earlier on in their lives and it
is regarded more and more as normal. This shift leads to previously aberrant
sexual fantasies becoming more regular and, at least on the short term,
aberrant sexual behaviours becoming more prevalent.

All this change can be led back to the inhibition mechanisms humans, and all
other animals exhibit. We are to consume at the fullest when we can consume a
scarce resource because who knows when you will encounter the resource
again\ldots{} In society already subcultures and groups arise to combat the
easy seductions and to reprogram our minds.

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