X-Git-Url: https://git.martlubbers.net/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=methods.top.tex;h=aefa35dba70220a456a8c35d3290adc82716fb03;hb=6863f12d2bffba5c1f4c6c7756a5ee641816ce11;hp=e29f16db75380ce4c64697ccc7080245814f75fb;hpb=e7aa975e1af0007783d9a100ca83ddd5c25d284b;p=msc-thesis1617.git diff --git a/methods.top.tex b/methods.top.tex index e29f16d..aefa35d 100644 --- a/methods.top.tex +++ b/methods.top.tex @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ \section{iTasks} \gls{TOP} is a modern recent programming paradigm implemented as -\gls{iTasks}\cite{achten_introduction_2015} in the pure lazy functional -language \gls{Clean}\cite{brus_cleanlanguage_1987}. \gls{iTasks} is a +\gls{iTasks}~\cite{achten_introduction_2015} in the pure lazy functional +language \gls{Clean}~\cite{brus_cleanlanguage_1987}. \gls{iTasks} is a \gls{EDSL} to model workflow tasks in the broadest sense. A \gls{Task} is just a function that --- given some state --- returns the observable \CI{TaskValue}. The \CI{TaskValue} of a \CI{Task} can have different states. Not all state @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ image all fields are entered and the \CI{TaskValue} transitions to the \caption{The states of a \CI{TaskValue}}\label{fig:taskvalue} \end{figure} -\begin{lstlisting}[language=Clean,label={lst:taskex},% +\begin{lstlisting}[label={lst:taskex},% caption={An example \gls{Task} for entering a name}] :: Name = { firstname :: String , lastname :: String @@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ Generated interfaces can be modified with decoration operators. Combinators describe relations between \glspl{Task}. \Glspl{Task} can be combined in parallel, sequenced and their result values can be converted to \glspl{SDS}. Moreover, a very important combinator is the step combinator which -starts a new task according to specified predicates on the \CI{TaskValue}. -Type signatures of the basic combinators are shown in +starts a new \gls{Task} according to specified predicates on the +\CI{TaskValue}. Type signatures of the basic combinators are shown in Listing~\ref{lst:combinators}. \begin{itemize} @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ Listing~\ref{lst:combinators}. dictates. \end{itemize} -\begin{lstlisting}[language=Clean,% +\begin{lstlisting}[% caption={\Gls{Task}-combinators},label={lst:combinators}] //Step combinator (>>*) infixl 1 :: (Task a) [TaskCont a (Task b)] -> Task b | iTask a & iTask b @@ -120,22 +120,85 @@ Listing~\ref{lst:combinators}. \section{Shared Data Sources} \Glspl{SDS} are an abstraction over resources that are available in the world -or in the \gls{iTasks} system. The shared data can be a file on disk, it can be -the time, a random integer or just some data stored in memory. The actual +or in the \gls{iTasks} system. The shared data can be a file on disk, the +system time, a random integer or just some data stored in memory. The actual \gls{SDS} is just a record containing functions on how to read and write the -source. In these functions the \CI{*World} is available and therefore it can -interact with the outside world. The \CI{*IWorld} is also available and -therefore the functions can also access other shares, possibly combining them. +source. In these functions the \CI{*IWorld} --- which in turn contains the real +program \CI{*World} --- is available. Accessing the outside world is required +for interacting with it and thus the functions can access files on disk, raw +memory, other \glspl{SDS} and hardware. The basic operations for \glspl{SDS} are get, set and update. The signatures -for these functions are shown in Listing~\ref{lst:shares}. All of the -operations are atomic in the sense that during reading no other tasks are -executed. +for these functions are shown in Listing~\ref{lst:shares}. By default, all +\glspl{SDS} are files containing a \gls{JSON} encoded version of the object and +thus are persistent between restarts of the program. Library functions for +shares residing in memory are available as well. The three main operations on +shares are atomic in the sense that during reading no other \glspl{Task} are +executed. The system provides useful functions to transform, map and combine +\glspl{SDS} using combinators. The system also provides functionality to +inspect the value of a \gls{SDS} and act upon a change. \Glspl{Task} waiting on +a \gls{SDS} to change are notified when needed. This results in low resource +usage because \glspl{Task} are never constantly inspecting \gls{SDS} values but +are notified. \begin{lstlisting}[% - language=Clean,label={lst:shares},caption={\Gls{SDS} functions}] + label={lst:shares},caption={\Gls{SDS} functions}] +:: RWShared p r w = ... +:: ReadWriteShared r w :== RWShared () r w +:: ROShared p r :== RWShared p () r +:: ReadOnlyShared r :== ROShared () r + +:: Shared r :== ReadWriteShared r r + get :: (ReadWriteShared r w) -> Task r | iTask r set :: w (ReadWriteShared r w) -> Task w | iTask w upd :: (r -> w) (ReadWriteShared r w) -> Task w | iTask r & iTask w +sharedStore :: String a -> Shared a | JSONEncode{|*|}, JSONDecode{|*|} +\end{lstlisting} + +\section{Parametric Lenses} +\Glspl{SDS} can contain complex data structures such as lists, trees and even +resources in the outside world. Sometimes, an update action only updates a part +of the resource. When this happens, all waiting \glspl{Task} looking at the +resource are notified of the update. However, it may be the case that +\glspl{Task} were only looking at parts of the structure that was not updated. +To solve this problem, parametric lenses were +introduced~\cite{domoszlai_parametric_2014}. + +Parametric lenses add a type variable to the \gls{SDS} that is in the current +library functions fixed to the void type (i.e. \CI{()}). When a \gls{SDS} +executes a write operation, it also provides the system with a notification +predicate. This notification predicate is a function \CI{p -> Bool} where +\CI{p} is the parametric lens type. This allows programmers to create a big +\gls{SDS}, and have \glspl{Task} only look at parts of the big \gls{SDS}. This +technique is used in the current system in memory shares. The \CI{IWorld} +contains a map that is accessible through a \gls{SDS}. While all data is +stored in the map, only \glspl{Task} looking at a specific entry are notified +when the structure is updated. The type of the parametric lens is the key in +the map. + +Functionality for setting parameters is added in the system. The most important +functions are the \CI{sdsFocus} and the \CI{sdsLens} function. These functions +are listed in Listing~\ref{lst:focus}. \CI{sdsFocus} allows the programmer to +fix a parametric lens value. \CI{sdsLens} is a kind of \CI{mapReadWrite} +including access to the parametric lens value. This allows the creation of +for example \glspl{SDS} that only read and write to parts of the original +\gls{SDS}. + +\begin{lstlisting}[label={lst:focus}, + caption={Parametric lens functions}] +sdsFocus :: p (RWShared p r w) -> RWShared p` r w | iTask p + +:: SDSNotifyPred p :== p -> Bool + +:: SDSLensRead p r rs = SDSRead (p -> rs -> MaybeError TaskException r) + | SDSReadConst (p -> r) +:: SDSLensWrite p w rs ws = SDSWrite (p -> rs -> w -> MaybeError TaskException (Maybe ws)) + | SDSWriteConst (p -> w -> MaybeError TaskException (Maybe ws)) +:: SDSLensNotify p w rs = SDSNotify (p -> rs -> w -> SDSNotifyPred p) + | SDSNotifyConst (p -> w -> SDSNotifyPred p) + +sdsLens :: String (p -> ps) (SDSLensRead p r rs) (SDSLensWrite p w rs ws) (SDSLensNotify p w rs) + (RWShared ps rs ws) -> RWShared p r w | iTask ps \end{lstlisting}