From 83b07fed5f173ec4d573eb7680073d232e888e4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mart Lubbers Date: Tue, 24 Jan 2017 20:26:36 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] intro roughly done --- .gitignore | 1 + final_assignment/a.bib | 74 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ final_assignment/a.tex | 68 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----- final_assignment/preamble.tex | 4 +- 4 files changed, 136 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 6ead008..cc48d1a 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ *.pdf *.bbl *.blg +*.out diff --git a/final_assignment/a.bib b/final_assignment/a.bib index e69de29..3c40f36 100644 --- a/final_assignment/a.bib +++ b/final_assignment/a.bib @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +@article{olds1954positive, + title={Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of + septal area and other regions of rat brain.}, + author={Olds, James and Milner, Peter}, + journal={Journal of comparative and physiological psychology}, + volume={47}, + number={6}, + pages={419}, + year={1954}, + publisher={American Psychological Association} +} + +@article{Moan1972septal, + title = "Septal stimulation for the initiation of heterosexual behavior in + a homosexual male", + journal = "Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry", + volume = "3", + number = "1", + pages = "23 - 30", + year = "1972", + note = "", + issn = "0005-7916", + doi = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916(72)90029-8", + url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0005791672900298", + author = "Charles E. Moan and Robert G. Heath", +} + +@article{landripet2015pornography, + title={Is pornography use associated with sexual difficulties and + dysfunctions among younger heterosexual men?}, + author={Landripet, Ivan and {\v{S}}tulhofer, Aleksandar}, + journal={The journal of sexual medicine}, + volume={12}, + number={5}, + pages={1136--1139}, + year={2015}, + publisher={Wiley Online Library} +} + +@article{klein2015erectile, + title={Erectile dysfunction, boredom, and hypersexuality among coupled + men from two European countries}, + author={Klein, Verena and Jurin, Tanja and Briken, Peer and + {\v{S}}tulhofer, Aleksandar}, + journal={The journal of sexual medicine}, + volume={12}, + number={11}, + pages={2160--2167}, + year={2015}, + publisher={Wiley Online Library} +} + +@article{park2016internet, + title={Is Internet pornography causing sexual dysfunctions? A review with + clinical reports}, + author={Park, Brian Y and Wilson, Gary and Berger, Jonathan and + Christman, Matthew and Reina, Bryn and Bishop, Frank and Klam, + Warren P and Doan, Andrew P}, + journal={Behavioral Sciences}, + volume={6}, + number={3}, + pages={17}, + year={2016}, + publisher={Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute} +} + +@book{wilson2014your, + title={Your brain on porn: Internet pornography and the emerging science + of addiction}, + author={Wilson, Gary}, + year={2014}, + publisher={Commonwealth Publishing Richmond, VA} +} + diff --git a/final_assignment/a.tex b/final_assignment/a.tex index 001951b..354d3b7 100644 --- a/final_assignment/a.tex +++ b/final_assignment/a.tex @@ -4,23 +4,71 @@ course={Philosophy and Ethics of Computer and Information Sciences}] \section{Introduction} -Man, animal, machine: differences and overlap's. The living being as a machine: -this image has been verypopular in different hist orical periods and is still -present today, even reinforced by computer technology (``the brain as a -computer''). At the same time, all kinds of criteria have been (and still are) -sought in order to separate man from the rest of the world (the natural and the -artificial one). Using in sights from computer science, philosophy and ethics, -try to sketch a general vision of how man, animal, and machine relate to each -other. +Ever since the dawn of human beings we have been prone to addictions. +Genetically the body has been evolved to indulge itself into seemingly scarcely +available activities. It seems that this behaviour is wired into every animal +thus also including humans. In the 1954 Olds and Milner took a different turn +on the classic Skinner experiments in which a \emph{Skinner Box} is used to +train animals on exerting certain behaviour. Olds and Milner made a system in +which rats could press a button to stimulate parts of the brain that express +pleasure\cite{olds1954positive}. The results were horrific, rats would press +the button over $6000$ times per hour. In later experiments it was found that +rats would starve, ignore females and even endure pain via electrical shocks +just to give them self pleasure. Moreover, years later, very controversial +experiments have taken place resembling the Olds and Milner experiments with a +human individual with strikingly similar results\cite{Moan1972septal}. +Luckily for animals this kind of hyper stimulation is not readily available at +the press of a button. When this would be the case it can have detrimental +effects on the society since primary needs are neglected. However, a new type +of overstimulating has appeared in the society over the course of the +digital revolution of our society. Stimuli that where scarce in the early days +are now abundant and people can lavishly stimulate themselves with them by the +press of a button. These stimuli arise from the connectivity that came with the +internet. Never have there been times where consuming visual sexual stimuli was +possible in such high quantities and with such variance in the material. + +Numerous researchers and research groups have devoted their research onto the +physical consequences of such hyper stimulation. However, studies are showing +mixed results on these matters. Some studies show a correlation between for +example erectile dysfunction and pornographic material +consumption\cite{klein2015erectile} while other do not show significant +results\cite{landripet2015pornography}. A recent survey from Park et +al.\cite{park2016internet} shows that not so much a physical change is +happening in the brain that causes these problems but also a psychological and +societal problem. + +A couple of years ago there was a popular science article written with the +catchy title: \emph{Your brain on porn}\cite{wilson2014your}. This already this +gave the rise to very active online communities that try to suppress their own +behaviour regarding the consumption of pornography. From within these +communities\footnote{e.g.~\url{reddit.com/r/nofap}} a lot of anekdotal +evidence arises that not consuming is very good for the general sexual health +being. In short this means that it is no longer a question of what happens to +your \emph{brain} on porn but even more so what happens to \emph{society} on +porn. \section{Research question} +%This leads to the following research question. +%\begin{itemize} +% \item\emph{How does the increase of consuming visual sexual stimuli via the +% internet change the society.} +%\end{itemize} +% +%Which in turn can be split up in to the following subquestions. +% +%\begin{itemize} +% \item\emph{Does society's view on sexuality change due to the change in +% consumption of sexual visual stimuli.} +% \item\emph{Does the view on actual sexual intercourse and relations change +% because of the changes in availability of sexual visual stimuli} +%\end{itemize} + \section{Answer} \section{Conclusion} -\bibliographystyle{plain} -%\bibliographystyle{ieeetr} +\bibliographystyle{ieeetr} \bibliography{a} \end{document} diff --git a/final_assignment/preamble.tex b/final_assignment/preamble.tex index 9ec8963..2a27dd2 100644 --- a/final_assignment/preamble.tex +++ b/final_assignment/preamble.tex @@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ \usepackage[british]{babel} \usepackage{geometry} +\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref} +\usepackage[normalem]{ulem} \usepackage{../rutitlepage/rutitlepage} \author{Mart Lubbers\\s4109503} \date{\today} -\title{Final Assignment:} +\title{\sout{Your Brain on porn}\\Society on porn} -- 2.20.1